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Lithium-Ion Battery Internal Resistance

Application ID: 19131

This tutorial digs deeper into the investigation of rate capability in a battery and shows how the Lithium-Ion Battery interface is an excellent modeling tool for doing this.

The rate capability is studied in terms of polarization (voltage loss) or the internal resistance causing this loss. A typical high current pulse test, namely a Hybrid Pulse Power Characterization (HPPC) test, is simulated here for this purpose. Primarily, the first 10 s of discharge and the subsequent relaxation at 298.15 K are investigated.

The Lithium-Ion Battery interface takes into account many physical battery properties of which some can be pinned down as design parameters directly affecting rate capability. These are:

  • thickness of electrodes and separator
  • porosity of electrodes and separator
  • active material particle size
  • choice of active electrode material
  • other material choices, for example, electrolyte and electronic conductor
  • state-of-charge (SOC) of the electrode material; several material properties being SOC dependent

    • Properties that decrease the internal resistance are normally thin battery domains, high porosities, and small active material particles.

    A battery with the opposite design features has high internal resistance, but can instead store a lot capacity (energy) due to large active material particles and thick packed electrodes.

    This model example illustrates applications of this type that would nominally be built using the following products:

    Module Battery Design

    however, additional products may be required to completely define and model it. Furthermore, this example may also be defined and modeled using components from the following product combinations:

    The combination of COMSOL® products required to model your application depends on several factors and may include boundary conditions, material properties, physics interfaces, and part libraries. Particular functionality may be common to several products. To determine the right combination of products for your modeling needs, review the Grille des Spécifications and make use of a free evaluation license. The COMSOL Sales and Support teams are available for answering any questions you may have regarding this.